French Food Vocabulary La Nourriture

Whether youre traveling in Europe or just going out to a local French restaurant, food is one of the necessities of life. The French love la nourriture (literally, the food), and talking about it is one of the most common topics of French conversations. The Language of Food French food vocabulary terms are listed together with their English translations. Click on the links to bring up sound files that will allow you to hear the correct pronunciation of each word or phrase. Note that unlike in English, French food terms are generally preceded by an article such as le (the) or un (a). Where appropriate, the English translation of the term is preceded by an indication of the gender of the word, either female (f) or male (m). So, learn the terms and then Bon  appà ©tit! (Enjoy your meal!) General Terms la nourriture  foodavoir faim  to be hungrymanger  to eatdà ©jeuner  to have breakfast or lunchdà ®ner  to have dinner Meals le repas  mealle petit-dà ©jeuner  breakfastle dà ©jeuner  lunchle dà ®ner  dinnerle goà »ter snack Dishes le hors dÅ“uvre, lentrà ©e  appetizer *la soupe, le potage  souple plat principal  Ã‚  main coursela salade  saladle dessert  dessert * In American English, entrà ©e refers to the main course, but in French, the term only indicates an appetizer. Places la cuisine  kitchen, cookingla salle à   manger  dining roomle restaurant  restaurant Miscellaneous Terms la confiture jamle croissant  croissantla farine  flourles frites  frieslhuile dolive (f)  olive oilla mayonnaise  mayonnaisela moutarde  mustardun Å“uf, des Å“ufs  egg, eggsle pain  breadle pain grillà ©Ã‚  toastles pà ¢tes  pastale poivre  pepperle riz  ricela sauce  sauce, dressing, gravyle sel  saltle sucre  sugar Fruits le  fruit  fruitun  abricot  apricotun  ananas  pineappleune  banane  bananaune  cerise  cherryun  citron  lemonun  citron  vert  limeune  fraise  strawberryune  framboise  raspberryune  mà »re  blackberryune  myrtille  blueberryune  orange  orangeun  pamplemousse  grapefruitune  pastà ¨que  watermelonune  pà ªche  peachune  poire  pearune  pomme  appleune  prune  plumun  raisin  grape Vegetables un  là ©gume  vegetableun  artichaut  artichokeles  asperges  (f)  asparagusune  aubergine  eggplantla  carotte  carrotle  cà ©leri  celeryle  champignon  mushroomle  chou-fleur  cauliflowerle  concombre  cucumberles  Ãƒ ©pinards  (m)  spinachun  haricot  beanla  laitue  lettuceun  oignon  onionle  maà ¯s  cornles  petits pois  (m)  peasla  pomme de terre  potatole  radis  radishla  tomate  tomato Meats la viande  meatlagneau (m)  lambles anchois (m)  anchoviesle bifteck  steakla dinde  turkeyles escargots (m) snailsle jambon  hamle lapin  rabbitle poisson  fishle porc  porkle poulet  chickenle rosbif  roast beefle saucisson  sausagele veau  veal Dairy le  babeurre  buttermilkle  beurre  butterla  crà ¨me  creamla  crà ¨me fraà ®che  very thick, slightly sour creamle  fromage  cheesele  fromage  blanc  cream cheesela  glace  ice creamle  lait  milkle  yaourt  yogurt Desserts le  dessert  dessertle  biscuit  cookieles  bonbons  candyle  chocolat  chocolatela  crà ¨me  brà »là ©e  custard with burnt sugar toppingla  crà ¨me  caramel  flanle  fromage  cheeseles  fruits  (m)  fruitle  gà ¢teau  cakela  glace  ice creamla  mousse au chocolat  chocolate moussela  tarte  piela  vanille  vanilla

Explore the ways Steinbeck creates dislike of and sympathy...

‘Of Mice and Men’ is a short novel by John Steinbeck, which is set in 1930s America. At this time in American History they were suffering from a hard hitting economic depression. This book is set on a ranch in Soledad, California. Throughout this novella, Steinbeck addresses key theme, for example discrimination, loneliness and the American Dream. Curley’s wife is a complex character. She is the only woman on the ranch. Curley’s wife is used as a plot device by Steinbeck to explore themes like discrimination and attitudes toward women in the 1930s. Although, she is thought of as a ‘tart’ at the beginning, throughout the novel we develop our opinion of Curley’s wife. Steinbeck introduces us to Curley’s wife through the opinion of†¦show more content†¦The repetition of the colour ‘red’ suggests danger and passion, supported by similarities between her and the girl in Weed. Not only is Curley’s wife described as a floozy, but also as threatening. When she enters the barn where Crook and Candy are, they are both afraid and ‘were scowling down away from her eyes’ this prevention of eye contact could be seen that she is exerting power over the men. She exercises her power by threatening to hang Crooks, ‘I could get you stung up on a tree so easy’, this links to the theme of violence as she acts meanly and cruelly which reflects the social hierarchy of the time. She goes from being bullied by the men to bullying the ‘weak ones’. Curley’s wife gets frustrated by their unresponsive behaviour towards her. She is used to highlight the racist society and to show the status of black people at that time in America. The reader maybe apprehensive toward Curley’s Wife, yet it is obvious that she may be lonely. Curley’s wife has too much time on her hands ‘Her face was heavily made up’ this is shown by how much make up she is always wearing. None of the men on the ranch will talk to her as they are scared that they may be tempted ‘Maybe you better go along to your own house now’ The reason they don’t talk to her is that they are scared that they could get into trouble with Curley. Steinbeck does this to show how isolated women were in the 1930s. Even though Curley’s wife hasShow MoreRelatedHeroes and Villains: Explore the ways sympathy for and/or dislike of a character is created in the text you have studied.2275 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Heroes and Villains: Explore the ways sympathy for and/or dislike of a character is created in the text you have studied. INTRODUCTION: In the novella ‘Of Mice and Men’, Steinbeck has used many different language features in order to create such a complex and sophisticated character whom I will be investigating - Curley’s wife. Curley’s wife is a pivotal character. She has been presented as a villain in the early stages of the book and her character seems to unravel as we read on. As a readerRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2034 Words   |  9 PagesExplore the ways that Steinbeck creates dislike and sympathy for Curley’s wife in Of Mice and Men. In â€Å"Of Mice and Men† Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife as a problematic and commonly misunderstood character whose paradoxical actions cause the reader to alternate between feelings of contempt and pathos for her character. At the beginning of Steinbeck’s novel, she acts in an obliviously disruptive and inappropriate manner, though as tension rises she sees no harm in using the little power she possessesRead MoreHow Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters2537 Words   |  11 PagesExplore some of the ways in which Steinbeck presents disadvantaged characters in the novel In 1937, the American author John Steinbeck published Of mice and Men. Set in the Salinas Valley of California, it conveys the story of the struggles of the American people during The Great Depression. The Great Depression was a massive devastation throughout the whole of America where people suffered and the economy was at a huge crisis. The Unemployment rose from 3% to 26% and many people had died

Australian Contract Law

Question: Discuss about the Australian Contract Law. Answer: Introduction Consideration is the price that is asked by the promisor in exchange for their promise the price for a promise. However, the common law requires that, for an agreement to be binding, the promisee (or promisees) must provide consideration (payment of some kind) for the promise they have received (Clarke, 2015). Consideration is the price paid or something which is in existence and has value is given by one party to another. It may be pecuniary, such as a cash or fund, or it may be some kind of good or any service performed (Emery Associates, 2016). Elements essential to make a Contract Enforceable are as follows: Agreement must be related and connected to all the elements required in an agreement.. The agreement should be valuable "consideration". The parties must show a intention to be legally bound by the agreement (Redlich, 2014). Case Analysis In this first case consideration is not there and it is not enforceable by Jack. Jane is going outside the country and she offers to Jane give her car to Jack. The price of the vehicle in similar conditions in the market is $ 25000. Jack accepts. There is an offer made by Jane which is accepted by Jack because acceptance is given by Jane but in this case consideration is not present reason behind that is Jane has not describe any price for the car which he has offered to Jack only market price of car in similar condition is given which is not a valid consideration. If Jane describes any price for the car and then Jack accepts the offer made by Jane then a contact is created between both Jane and Jack with consideration. So in this case there is only an offer is made and it is accepted by Jack there is no consideration present and the agreement is enforceable. So it is only an offer which is accepted by the parties. only a proposal is made which is accepted but a contact is not create d between the parties because it is without consideration .so from the above discussion it is clear that when an offer is accepted by the parties but the consideration is not present the contract is not enforceable. If Jane provides any price for the vehicle than Jack accepts it then a legal contact is created and it is binding. In the second case Jane offers to sell her car for $ 25000.the market value for similar type of car in good condition is around $ 25000.Jack accepted the agreement offered by Jane .Consideration is there and the contact is enforced because Jack accepted the offer made by Jane and the value that is 25000 $ is present, there is an offer made by Jane and it is accepted by Jack and the consideration value is 25000 $ which is a valid consideration. Market value of the vehicle is more or less it does not affect the contract. When a offer is made by the promisor and it is accepted by the promisee and the consideration is also present than it is a valid contact .So the monetary value that is $ 25000 is a valid consideration in this case which is offered by Jane and accepted by Jack in the same manner .so in this case consideration is present and because a valid contract is created between both the parties with consideration present so the contract is enforceable by Jack in this case. If the market value is more but it is accepted between the parties and the contract is created between them then it is an enforceable agreement in this case Jack can enforce the agreement in court against Jack (Melmerley Investments Ltd v McGarry, 2001). In this case also consideration is there and the agreement is enforceable. Jane one of the parties to the contract offers to Jane to sell her car for $ 2500. The price of similar type of car in the market is $ 25000.Jack accepted the contact offered. in this case there is an offer made by Jane which is accepted by Jack .because Jack accepts the offer made by Jane the market value of the vehicle is 25000 but Jane offers it to Jack at less price which is 2500 so offering the car at low market price to Jack is not a ground that consideration is not present in this case. Market value of the vehicle does not affect the contract made between Jack and Jane. So it is an enforceable contract .vehicle is provided at less price to Jack but there is a consideration in this that is 2500 $.market value is more or less of the vehicle does not affect the agreement. The market value of the vehicle is known to Jane also when she is offering that car to Jack and she has also in mind that she is offerin g the car at less price than the market price and it is accepted by Jack on the same terms so it is a valid agreement is made between the parties with consideration present and enforceable by law. Both the parties know the fact that the cars is offered at less price. So it is a valid contact with consideration and enforceable also. From the above discussion it is clear that it is case of enforceable agreement between Jane and Jack and consideration is present. when a offer is made and it is accepted and a agreement is created between the parties market value of a things is more or less does not effect on their enforcement so in this case also market value is more is known to both Jane and Jack at the time of creating the agreement by them. So in the present case consideration is present and Jack has an enforceable agreement. When an agreement is created between the parties and the value of thing is increasing or decreasing it does not have any effect on their enforceability once it is created (Coulls v Bagots Executor and Trustee Co Ltd, 1967). Economic duress is established in law which permits the victim to escape their contractual obligations by rendering the contract voidable. When one of parties of the contact put pressure on the weaker party and due to that pressure the weaker party enters into a contact with that party this is a case of economic duress. Monetary pressure in contracts is the point at which a man has no other alternative generally to acknowledge the conditions so expressed by the inverse party it should be possible by method for debilitating or putting a man in such a circumstance, to the point that the individual have no chance other than to acknowledge the same (Schubert, 2016). In the present case north ocean tankers is the buyer he is operating the fleet of ships the buyer has to deliver the ship on a forwarded date to someone and at the time of making the contract between ship builder and buyer there is no clause mentioned in the contact if the value of dollar is decreased or increased what will be the effect on gain or loss but after working on the contact approximately halfway the value of dollar is decreased by 10%. 10% value is huge amount this is known as devaluation now the shipbuilder is demanding more amount as an escalation to cost because now iron is more cost than before to the ship builder if he not demanding the amount loss will occur to him. North ocean tankers (buyer) is ready to pay the amount to the shipbuilder but under protest which means money has been given but the dispute will be settled afterwards because he has to deliver the ship on a definite date as he has already a contract for the tanker and it is essential that the tanker sho uld be delivered on time. The buyer has not taken any action against the seller to recover the excess payment after nine months of delivery (North Ocean Shipping Co. Ltd. v. Hyundai Construction Co. Ltd and Another, 1978). The buyer will not succeed for claiming the excess amount from the seller this is because there is a contract exists between the two parties, the shipbuilder and the buyer. Terms of the contact should be observed by both parties. Since they have agreed on the price at the time of making the contact any party should not change afterwards. In this case the buyer paid excess because already he was to deliver this ship and any failure to pay excess could make shipbuilder to stop and this is what he was preventing. He can sue the shipbuilder in court and will recover the amount. time is not a barrier to recover the excess amount in this case to north ocean tankers (buyer) because at the time of making the contract between shipbuilder and buyer there is no clause of currency devaluation in the contract .the buyer paid the extra US $ 3 million to the shipbuilder because as he has already had a charter for the for the tanker and it was essential that it be is delivered on time after passing of nine months he has not take any action against the shipbuilder but the buyer can take legal action against the shipbuilder and recover the excess amount of US $ 3 million because the buyer has reluctantly agreed under protest to pay. As he has charter for the tanker and it is essential that the tanker should be delivered on time. When a contact is created between the parties and at the time of making the contact it is not mentioned regarding price fluctuation then the buyer can claim the money from the seller. The meaning of under protest means the money is given once to the seller but the dispute will be settled later on between the parties .the buyer will recover the excess payment since he agreed to the inclusion of a clause after being notified of the fluctuation by the ship builder. In this case since there was an agreement and buyer agreed under protest to pay, he can recover the excess payment. Under protest to pay law, the buyer typically makes the payment with notice to the payee that the payment is being made under protest, thereby reserving the right to object to the obligation later. Consequently, the buyer can recover the excess. so from the above discussion it is clear that when at the time of making the contact between the parties there is no clause of currency devaluation in the contract agreed by the parties then afterwards due to currency devaluation any party or the ship builder( seller in this case) cannot claim an extra mount due to currency devaluation. But if at the time of framing of contract there is a clause agreed between on currency increase or decrease between the parties then the buyer has to pay the increase or decrease amount he cannot go to the court to take any legal action. So in the present case legal action can be taken by north ocean tankers against the shipbuilder and north ocean tankers can recover the extra amount of US $ 3 million from the shipbuilder even after passing of 9 months time. Time is not a barrier in this case to take legal action. If legal action is taken by north ocean tankers he will succeed. So we can say that the north ocean tankers (buyer) will succeed. In this case he can claim the extra money of US $ million (North Ocean Shipping Co. Ltd. v. Hyundai Construction Co. Ltd and Another, 1978). References (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Court of Appeal, 1893). Retrieved on 19th August, 2016 from: https://netk.net.au/Contract/02Formation.asp Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Court of Appeal [1893] 1 QB 256; [1892] EWCA Civ 1. Retrieved on 19th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/carlill.html Emery, R. P. Associates. (2016). Is a verbal agreement legally binding? Retrieved on 19 August 2016 from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5626/is-a-verbal-agreement-legally-binding.aspx Melmerley Investments Ltd v McGarry CA141/01, 6 November 2001 at [21]. Retrieved on 19th Aug 2016 from: https://www.otago.ac.nz/law/research/journals/otago036314.pdf Stewart.A, (1984) Economic duress - legal regulation of commercial pressure. 410-441Available at:https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbULawRw/1984/3.pdf. [Accessed on: 19 August 2016]. North ocean shipping co ltd v Hyundai construction co ltd and another Atlantic baron Queens Bench division [1978] 3 all er 1170, [1979] 1 Lloyds rep 89 20 July 1978. Retrieved On 12th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.icab.org.bd/images/stories/icab/campus/study_materials/knowledge_level/The%20Atlantic%20Baron%20Case%20QB%20.pdf. Australian Contract Law (2015), Consideration, Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html [Accessed on: 19 August 2016]. Schubert, J.(2016). Economic Duress in Contract Law: Definition Cases. Retrieved on 19th august 2016 from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/economic-duress-in-contract-law-definition-cases.html Study .com (2004) Rules of Consideration in Contract Law: Elements Case Examples Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/rules-of-consideration-in-contract-law-elements-case-examples.html.[Accessed on: 19 August 2016]. Law teacher (2016) Consideration Cases, Available at:https://www.lawteacher.net/cases/contract-law/consideration-cases.php.[Accessed on: 19 August 2016]. Redlich, H. (2014). Australia: When is a done deal not done?: a legally enforceable contract, Retrieved on 12 August 2016 from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/291480/Contract+Law/When+is+a+done+deal+not+done+a+legally+enforceable+contract E -law resources.co.uk, Economic dureness cases(N.D.), Contracts Entered Under Duress [Online] Available at :https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Duress.php.[Accessed on: 19 August 2016]. Stewart.A, (1984) Economic duress - legal regulation of commercial pressure. 410-441at:https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbULawRw/1984/3.pdf. [Accessed on: 19 August 2016]. Clarke.J (2013), Australian contract act [Online] Available at https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/carlill.html.[Accessed on: 19 August 2016].

Thomas Edison Essays (539 words) - Thomas Edison, Deists

Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison was one of the greatest inventors. He was a smart man. Thomas invented many things such as the light bulb and phonograph. Without the light bulb we would still be using candles and lanterns like they did many years ago. Although Thomas was deaf he worked hard and never gave up. Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He had many family members. He had a father named Samuel Odgen Edison and a mother named Nancy Elliott Edison. Thomas' mother pulled him from school because Thomas' teacher called him a "retard." Nancy Edison taught her son at home. Thomas has six siblings and he was the youngest child in the Edison family. Thomas was interested in many things as a child. At age twelve Thomas got a job at the Grand Trunk Railroad. While working at Grand Trunk Railroad Thomas was a typesetter, press operator, editor, and publisher of his very own newspaper called the "Herald." Thomas got his news for his newspaper from telegraphers at other train stations. Thomas liked many things, but mathematics was not one of them. He enjoyed reading books about science and philosophy. His favorite book ever was Isaac Newtown's Principia Mathematica. Thomas was interested in inventing the light bulb. Thomas was a scientist as a kid. He like to test many things. When he was young he built a laboratory in the family's basement. Thomas did experiments he found in science books and got jars and chemicals for experiments from local shopkeepers. Thomas also used a spare train car for another laboratory. Thomas studied books on mechanics, manufacturing, and chemistry at the public library. He spent a long time studying Newtown's Principles. He also read lots of books such as Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Hume's History of England, Sear's History of the World, Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, and The Dictoinaries of Sciences. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. In October of 1879 Edison patented his incandescent lamp. Edison and his team made a new vacuum pump to make better vacuums in glass light bulbs. It was better known as the "glow bulb." Thomas' second attempt at the glow bulb successfully lit for forty hours. On New Year's Eve Edison lit up Menlo Park with thirty glow bulbs. Electricity would replace gas for lighting purposes. The light bulb gives off light so that we can see with out lanterns and candles. The Edison Lamp Company produced 1,000 light bulbs a day. It has improved since it's original version. In 1880, Edison invented the incandescent lamp. In the year 1910, Tungsten filament was discovered giving off white light instead of yellow light. In 1925, lamps were given an inside frosting that had a fine spray of hydrofluoric acid. In the late 19th century, florescent lamps were invented. They are tubes filled with low-pressure neon gas. Thomas Edison invented many things we still used today. I think the light bulb was the greatest invention because it is hard to see with out light bulbs. Without the light bulb we would not be able to have night ball games or light shows. It is a good thing Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. Bibliography 1. "Edison, Thomas." Compton's Encylopedia. 1990 ed. vol. 7, p.72-76 2. Ellis, Keith. Thomas Edison, Genius of Electricity. Great Britain: Priory Press Limited, 1974 3. Parker, Steve. Thomas Edison and Electricity. Great Britain: Belitha Press Limited, 1992

A Little Fox Never Hurt Anyone

A Little Fox Never Hurt Anyone A Little Fox Never Hurt Anyone A Little Fox Never Hurt Anyone By Kate Evans We all know that good looking women are described as foxy. But foxes, with their rusty color and reputation for craftiness, can be used in many other colorful, unique, and descriptive expressions. For example, A foxs sleep is when one feigns indifference while keeping a close eye on someone. A wise fox will never rob his neighbors hen-roost, meaning a thief should steal from people far from home so as not to get caught. Theres my personal favorite, I gave him a flap with a fox-tail, which means that I made a fool of someone. To set a fox to keep the geese would be someone who trusts those who should clearly not be trusted with important tasks. If its a case of the fox and the grapes, then someone really wants something, cant obtain it, so they pretend they never wanted it in the first place. And of course, theres the often relevant when a fox preaches, take care of your geese. So, go off and flap someone with a fox-tail or just try and work one of these expressions into your next short story! Apollo Theater, Ms. Brown had the limo pull to a stop before a 100-foot-long Chyna Doll billboard, featuring a very foxy Foxy, clad only in a blue feather bikini. (www.nytimes.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Awoken or Awakened?Ulterior and Alterior

11 Memorial

Arads Vision for the National 9/11 Memorial Rebuilding anything is hard work. Nearly two years after the 9-11 terrorist attacks, New York developers announced a challenge - design a memorial for a shocked and grieving nation. Anyone could enter the competition. Entries poured in from architects, artists, students, and other creative people around the world. A panel of 13 judges reviewed 5,201 proposals. It took six months to select the designs of eight finalists. Behind closed doors, one of the judges, Maya Lin, praised a simple memorial originally titled Reflecting Absence. The 34-year-old  architect, Michael Arad, had never built anything larger than a police station. Yet submission 790532, Arads model for the memorial, stayed in the hearts and minds of the judges. Michael Arads Vision Michael Arad had served in the Israeli Army, studied at Dartmouth College and Georgia Tech, and eventually settled in New York. On September 11, 2001, he stood on the roof of his Manhattan apartment building and watched the second plane strike the World Trade Center. Haunted, Arad began sketching plans for a memorial long before the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) launched their competition. Arads concept for Reflecting Absence featured two 30-foot deep voids, symbolizing the absence of the fallen Twin Towers. Ramps would lead down to underground galleries where visitors could stroll past cascading waterfalls and pause at the plaques engraved with the names of those who died. Arads design was truly three-dimensional, with subterranean features as pronounced as those at street level. The design, Arad later told Places magazine, drew inspiration from the simple, sculptural work of architects Louis Kahn, Tadao Ando, and Peter Zumthor. Although the judges admired Michael Arads entry, they felt that it needed more work. They encouraged Arad to join forces with California landscape architect Peter Walker. By all reports, the partnership was rocky. However, in the spring of 2004 the team unveiled an expanded plan that incorporated a scenic plaza with trees and walkways. Trouble Looms for the 9/11 Memorial Critics responded to the 9/11 Memorial plans with mixed reviews. Some called Reflecting Absence moving and healing. Others said that the waterfalls were impractical and the deep pits hazardous. Still others protested the idea of memorializing the dead in a space located underground. To make matters worse, Michael Arad butted heads with architects in charge of the New York reconstruction projects. Daniel Libeskind, master planner for the World Trade Center site, said that Reflecting Absence did not harmonize with his own Memory Foundations design vision. The architects chosen for the underground National 9/11 Museum, J. Max Bond, Jr. and others from the Davis Brody Bond architecture firm, came on board and tweaked Arads subsurface memorial design - apparently against Arads wishes. After stormy meetings and construction delays, cost estimates for the memorial and the museum soared to nearly $1 billion. In May 2006, New York Magazine reported that Arads memorial teeters on the brink of collapse. Michael Arads Dream Triumphs The World Trade Center towers (the  skyscrapers) and the Transportation Hub are the business end of what is built at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan. Early on, however, politicians, historians, and community leaders knew that a good part of the real estate had to be dedicated to the people affected by the terrorist tragedy. This meant a memorial and museum within one of the largest spaces set aside for redevelopment. Who was involved? Architects of the underground museum (Davis Brody Bond); architects of the aboveground pavilion entrance to the museum (Snà ¸hetta); architect of the memorial (Arad); landscape architect for the memorial / museum plaza area (Walker); and the architect of the Master Plan (Libeskind). Compromise is the cornerstone of every great project. Like Libeskinds dramatically altered Vertical World Garden, Reflecting Absence saw many transformations. Its now known as the National September 11 Memorial. The names of those who died areinscribed on the bronze parapet on the plaza level, instead of in underground galleries. Many other features that Arad wanted have been modified or eliminated. Still, his core vision - deep voids and rushing water - remains intact. Architects Michael Arad and Peter Walker worked with a water architect and many engineers to construct the enormous waterfalls. Family members or victims remained actively involved as they deliberated over the arrangement of the engraved names. On September 11, 2011, ten years after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, a formal dedication ceremony marked the completion of the National 9/11 Memorial. The underground museum by Davis Brody Bond and the aboveground atrium pavilion by Snà ¸hetta opened in May 2014. Together, all of the architectural elements are known as the National September 11 Memorial Museum. The Memorial by Arad and Walker is an open park space, free to the public. The underground museum, includingthe infamous slurry wall that holds back the Hudson River, is open for a fee. The September 11 memorial site is designed to honor the nearly 3,000 people who were killed in New York, Pennsylvania, and at the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and also the six people who died when terrorists bombed the New York World Trade Center on February 26, 1993. More generally, the National 9/11 Memorial speaks out against terrorism everywhere and offers a promise of renewal. Who Is Michael Arad? Michael Sahar Arad was one of six recipients of the Young Architects Award given by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2006. By 2012 Arad was one of fifteen Architects of Healing receiving a special AIA medal for his Reflecting Absence design of the National 9/11 Memorial in New York City. Arad was born in Israel, 1969, and served in the Israeli Military from 1989 to 1991. He arrived in the US in 1991 to go to school, earning a BA in Government from Dartmouth College (1994) and a Masters in Architecture from Georgia Institute of Technology (1999). He signed on with Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) from 1999 to 2002, and after 9-11 worked for the New York City Housing Authority from 2002 to 2004. Since 2004 Arads been a partner at Handel Architects LLP. In the Words of Michael Arad Im proud to be an American. I was not born in this country, nor was I born to American parents. Becoming an American was something I chose to do, and Im so grateful for that privilege because I love the values of this country and Im grateful for the opportunities this country has given me first as a student and then as an architect. America epitomizes for me liberty and equality, tolerance and a belief in shared sacrifices. It is a noble social experiment that depends on every generations engagement and belief in it. The design of the Memorial of the World Trade Center is a physical manifestation of these values and beliefs. It is a design formed by my experiences in New York in the aftermath of the attacks, where I witnessed the remarkable response of the City as a community, united in its most trying hour; united in compassion and courage, determined and stoic. The public spaces of the City - places like Union Square and Washington Square - were the sites where this incredible civic response took shape, and, in fact, it could not have taken shape without them. These public spaces informed and gave shape to the response of its citizens and their design is open democratic forms reflect our shared values and beliefs in a civic and democratic society based on freedom, liberty, and yet even the individual pursuit of happiness what else is a pursuit of solace in the face of grief. Public spaces form our shared responses and our understanding of ourselves and our place within society, not as spectators, but as participants, as engaged citizens, as a community of people united by a shared destiny. What better way to respond to that attack and to honor the memory of those who perished than to construct another vessel for that community, another public space, a new forum, a place that affirms our values and imparts them to us and to future generations. It has been a remarkable privilege and responsibility to be part of this effort. I am humbled and honored to be part of it, and I am grateful for the recognition this award bestows on the efforts of my colleagues and myself. Thank you very much. - Architects of Healing Ceremony, American Institute of Architects, May 19, 2012, Washington, D.C. Sources for This Article: Reflecting Absence, commentary by Michael Arad from Places magazine, May 2009 (at http://places.designobserver.com/media/pdf/Reflecting_Abs_1162.pdf)The Breaking of Michael Arad, New York magazineCost and Safety Put Memorials Striking Vision at Risk, New York TimesReflecting Absence: Exploring The 9/11 Memorial, Huffington Post9/11 Memorial Nears Completion, Ending Complicated, Contentious Process at old.gothamgazette.com/article/arts/20110714/1/3565, Gotham GazetteIroning Out Where to Purpose 9/11†²s Iconic Steel Cross, New York Observer9/11 Memorial Official SiteLower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) at www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspxThe Port Authority website at www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/memorial-museum.htmlLower Manhattan Construction Command Center Project Update at lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspx

Product Design in Cyberspace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product Design in Cyberspace - Essay Example This can facilitate them in their negative activities and can be a potential source of harm for the peace of the society as a whole. People who are in such professions that require use of GPS have little trouble accessing it even if it is not available through Ebay. However, others that are not in a position to purchase GPS from their local areas can easily purchase it on Ebay and use it for whatever purpose they want. There are many areas where people are supposed to get a license to keep a GPS with them because it is a potential source of help for criminals particularly when they want to perform their act in groups. Likewise, GPS software should also not be allowed to sell on Ebay because of the same reason as that for GPS device. Worst thing people have a problem with at Ebay: Worst thing people have a problem with on Ebay is that it does not allow sale of any kind of medication (Hubpages, 2011). Fake medicines are common in a lot of underdeveloped countries. In these countries, p eople produce false medicines in the name of real ones in order to make profits on the cost of customers’ life. People are highly skeptical about the quality of medicine they purchase. Medicines are already very costly.